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Various resistor types of different shapes and sizes. A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses.
Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as a volume control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical activity. Resistors are common elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits and are ubiquitous in electronic equipment. Practical resistors as discrete components ...
Resistors (and other elements with resistance) oppose the flow of electric current; therefore, electrical energy is required to push current through the resistance. This electrical energy is dissipated, heating the resistor in the process. This is called Joule heating (after James Prescott Joule), also called ohmic heating or resistive heating.
For brevity, the notation omits to always specify the unit (ohm or farad) explicitly and instead relies on implicit knowledge raised from the usage of specific letters either only for resistors or for capacitors, [nb 1] the case used (uppercase letters are typically used for resistors, lowercase letters for capacitors), [nb 2] a part's appearance, and the context.
SMD resistors on the backside of a PCB. Pass current in proportion to voltage and oppose current. Resistor – fixed value Power resistor – larger to safely dissipate heat generated; SIP or DIP resistor network – array of resistors in one package; Variable resistor Rheostat – two-terminal variable resistor (often for high power)
Mnemonics are used to help memorize the electronic color codes for resistors. Mnemonics describing specific and relatable scenarios are more memorable than abstract phrases. Mnemonics describing specific and relatable scenarios are more memorable than abstract phrases.
The losses involved by the application of conventional resistors may be eliminated by the synthesis of artificial, loss-free resistive elements which replace the conventional ones. The conventional resistor converts the electrical energy absorbed at its terminals into heat ; however, it has been found that creation of a resistive characteristic ...
Zero ohm resistors can also be used as configuration jumpers or in places where it should be easy to disconnect and reconnect electrical connections within a PCB to diagnose problems. The resistance is only approximately zero; only a maximum is specified, which is typically in the range of 10–50 mΩ. [2]