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Oscillation of a sequence (shown in blue) is the difference between the limit superior and limit inferior of the sequence. In mathematics, the oscillation of a function or a sequence is a number that quantifies how much that sequence or function varies between its extreme values as it approaches infinity or a point.
The mathematics of oscillation deals with the quantification of the amount that a sequence or function tends to move between extremes. There are several related notions: oscillation of a sequence of real numbers, oscillation of a real-valued function at a point, and oscillation of a function on an interval (or open set).
The oscillation of a function at a point quantifies these discontinuities as follows: in a removable discontinuity, the distance that the value of the function is off by is the oscillation; in a jump discontinuity, the size of the jump is the oscillation (assuming that the value at the point lies between these limits of the two sides);
The space of functions of bounded mean oscillation (BMO), is a function space that, in some precise sense, plays the same role in the theory of Hardy spaces H p that the space L ∞ of essentially bounded functions plays in the theory of L p-spaces: it is also called John–Nirenberg space, after Fritz John and Louis Nirenberg who introduced ...
The frequency of oscillation at x is proportional to the momentum p(x) of a classical particle of energy E n and position x. Furthermore, the square of the amplitude (determining the probability density) is inversely proportional to p(x), reflecting the length of time the classical particle spends near x.
Continuity can also be defined in terms of oscillation: a function f is continuous at a point if and only if its oscillation at that point is zero; [10] in symbols, () = A benefit of this definition is that it quantifies discontinuity: the oscillation gives how much the function is discontinuous at a point.
A simple harmonic oscillator is an oscillator that is neither driven nor damped.It consists of a mass m, which experiences a single force F, which pulls the mass in the direction of the point x = 0 and depends only on the position x of the mass and a constant k.
Oscillation theory was initiated by Jacques Charles François Sturm in his investigations of Sturm–Liouville problems from 1836. There he showed that the n'th eigenfunction of a Sturm–Liouville problem has precisely n-1 roots.