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Social disruption is a term used in sociology to describe the alteration, dysfunction or breakdown of social life, often in a community setting. Social disruption implies a radical transformation, in which the old certainties of modern society are falling away and something quite new is emerging. [ 1 ]
The Tinker test, also known as the "substantial disruption" test, is still used by courts today to determine whether a school's interest to prevent disruption infringes upon students' First Amendment rights. The Court famously opined, "It can hardly be argued that either students or teachers shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech ...
The substantial disruption test is a criterion set forth by the United States Supreme Court, in the leading case of Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District , 393 U.S. 503 (1969). [ 1 ]
School disturbance laws started to become integral to school discipline in the 1990s, in response to rising fears of school violence, high-profile shootings in schools (such as the Columbine High School massacre), and passage of "zero-tolerance laws" such as the Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994, following which many more police were installed in ...
Justice, Justice: School Politics and the Eclipse of Liberalism (Peter Lang, 2004) Perlstein, Daniel. "Community Control of Schools" in Encyclopedia of African American Education, ed by Kofo Lomotey (Sage, 2010) pp 182–184. Ravitch, Diane. The great school wars: A history of the New York City public schools (1974) partly online pp 308–391
In 2020, school systems in the United States began to close down in March because of the spread of COVID-19. This was a historic event in the history of the United States schooling system because it forced schools to shut-down. At the very peak of school closures, COVID-19 affected 55.1 million students in 124,000 public and private U.S ...
The Supreme Court ruled broadly that students' freedom of speech was not limited simply for being on school grounds, but schools do have a compelling interest to limit speech that may "materially and substantially interfere with the requirements of appropriate discipline in the operation of the school", what is known as the Tinker test for ...
This category is for the history of schools (primary school, secondary school, and possibly a university, vocational school or a college.) Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of schools . Subcategories