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The laser damage threshold (LDT) or laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) is the limit at which an optic or material will be damaged by a laser given the fluence (energy per area), intensity (power per area), and wavelength. LDT values are relevant to both transmissive and reflective optical elements and in applications where the laser induced ...
Prism correction is commonly specified in prism dioptres, a unit of angular measurement that is loosely related to the dioptre. Prism dioptres are represented by the Greek symbol delta (Δ) in superscript. A prism of power 1 Δ would produce 1 unit of displacement for an object held 100 units from the prism. [2]
The Alpins Method is a system to plan and analyze the results of refractive surgical procedures, such as laser in-situ keratomileus (LASIK). [1] [2] [3] The Alpins Method is also used to plan cataract/toric intraocular lens (IOL) surgical procedures.
In the technical terminology of gemology, dispersion is the difference in the refractive index of a material at the B and G (686.7 nm and 430.8 nm) or C and F (656.3 nm and 486.1 nm) Fraunhofer wavelengths, and is meant to express the degree to which a prism cut from the gemstone demonstrates "fire". Fire is a colloquial term used by ...
Interference fringes, showing fine structure, from a Fabry–Pérot etalon.The source is a cooled deuterium lamp.. In optics, a Fabry–Pérot interferometer (FPI) or etalon is an optical cavity made from two parallel reflecting surfaces (i.e.: thin mirrors).
Drag coefficients in fluids with Reynolds number approximately 10 4 [1] [2] Shapes are depicted with the same projected frontal area. In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient (commonly denoted as: , or ) is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water.
Initially multiple-prism grating configurations were introduced in narrow-linewidth liquid dye lasers [1] [7] but eventually were also adopted in gas, solid-state, and diode laser designs. [3] The generalized mathematical description of multiple-prism beam expanders, introduced by Duarte , [ 8 ] is known as the multiple-prism dispersion theory .
The ponderomotive force also plays an important role in laser induced plasmas as a major density lowering factor. Often, however, the assumed slow-time independency of Φ P {\displaystyle \Phi _{P}} is too restrictive, an example being the ultra-short, intense laser pulse-plasma(target) interaction.