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A cell strain is derived either from a primary culture or a cell line by the selection or cloning of cells having specific properties or characteristics which must be defined. Cell strains are cells that have been adapted to culture but, unlike cell lines, have a finite division potential.
Primary cell culture is the ex vivo culture of cells freshly obtained from a multicellular organism, as opposed to the culture of immortalized cell lines.In general, primary cell cultures are considered more representative of in vivo tissues than cell lines, and this is recognized legally in some countries such as the UK (Human Tissue Act 2004). [1]
For example, a "flu strain" is a certain biological form of the influenza or "flu" virus. These flu strains are characterized by their differing isoforms of surface proteins. New viral strains can be created due to mutation or swapping of genetic components when two or more viruses infect the same cell in nature. [3]
Experiments generally start after 24 hours of incubation. Using living cells or tissue from the same organism are still considered to be ex vivo. One widely performed ex vivo study is the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. In this assay, angiogenesis is promoted on the CAM membrane of a chicken embryo outside the organism (chicken).
This test often involves crossing two pure-breeding strains, such as white-eyed flies, from separate origins. The process entails mating two flies, each from a different strain. The eye color of the resulting progeny determines the outcome of the test. If the progeny exhibit red eyes, it indicates that the two strains complement each other.
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HeLa (/ ˈ h iː l ɑː /) is an immortalized cell line used in scientific research. It is the oldest human cell line and one of the most commonly used. [1] [2] HeLa cells are durable and prolific, allowing for extensive applications in scientific study.
The WI-38 cell line stemmed from earlier work by Hayflick growing human cell cultures. [2]In the early 1960s, Hayflick and his colleague Paul Moorhead at the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania discovered that when normal human cells were stored in a freezer, the cells remembered the doubling level at which they were stored and, when reconstituted, began to divide from that level to ...