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Sever's disease, also known as calcaneus apophysitis, is an inflammation at the back of the heel (or calcaneus) growth plate in growing children. The condition is thought to be caused by repetitive stress at the heel.
Apophysitis, inflammation of the bony attachment, generally associated with overuse among growing children. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Tendinopathy is a disorder of the tendon, and is associated with direct injury or repetitive activities.
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It mainly affects growing children, with overuse of the affected tubercle. [8] [9] [10] Examples include: Osgood–Schlatter disease (apophysitis of the tibial tubercle) [8] Sever's disease (apophysitis of the posterior tubercle of the heel) [9] [10] Sinding-Larsen and Johansson syndrome (apophysitis of the inferior pole of the patella) [11]
Calcaneal spur (heel spur) is a small calcified bone extension located on the inferior aspect of the calcaneus or on the back of the heel at the insertion of the Achilles tendon. The condition is typically a response to plantar fasciitis over a period of time. It may also be related to ankylosing spondylitis, typically in children.
The "apophysis", which is the secondary ossification center of the bone, and is normally present at 10 – 16 years of age. [8] Os vesalianum, an accessory bone which is present in between 0.1 - 1% of the population. [9]
To help prevent a recurrence of Haglund's deformity: [3] wear appropriate shoes; avoid shoes with a rigid heel back [3]; use arch supports or orthotic devices [3]; perform stretching exercises to prevent the Achilles tendon from tightening [3] [4]
Plantar calcaneal bursitis is a medical condition in which there is inflammation of the plantar calcaneal [1] bursa, a spongy fluid filled sac that cushions the fascia of the heel and the calcaneus (heel bone). It is characterized by swelling and tenderness of the central plantar heel area. It is sometimes called 'Policeman's heel'.