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William James in 1890 proposed four basic emotions: fear, grief, love, and rage, based on bodily involvement. [35] Paul Ekman identified six basic emotions: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. [36] Wallace V. Friesen and Phoebe C. Ellsworth worked with him on the same basic structure. [37] The emotions can be linked to facial ...
In the 1990s, Ekman proposed an expanded list of basic emotions, including a range of positive and negative emotions that are not all encoded in facial muscles. [29] The newly included emotions are: Amusement, Contempt, Contentment, Embarrassment, Excitement, Guilt, Pride in achievement, Relief, Satisfaction, Sensory pleasure, and Shame. [29]
Most of the databases are usually based on the basic emotions theory (by Paul Ekman) which assumes the existence of six discrete basic emotions (anger, fear, disgust, surprise, joy, sadness). However, some databases include the emotion tagging in continuous arousal-valence scale.
There are six universal emotions which expand across all cultures. These emotions are happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust. Debate exists about whether contempt should be combined with disgust. [12] According to Ekman (1992), each of these emotions have universally corresponding facial expressions as well. [13]
According to the study, that leaves us with the four basic emotions of: 1) Happiness 2) Sadness 3) Hybrids of fear and surprise 4) Hybrids of anger and disgust
Basic Emotions: Prinz's theory is associated with the idea of basic emotions, which are a limited set of universal and biologically driven emotional states. He argues that attributions of basic emotions are part of human cognitive architecture and that these attributions are made automatically and rapidly.
Examples of six basic emotions. A gut feeling, or gut reaction, is a visceral emotional reaction to something. It may be negative, such as a feeling of uneasiness, or positive, such as a feeling of trust. Gut feelings are generally regarded as not modulated by conscious thought, but sometimes as a feature of intuition rather than rationality ...
The main difference between basic emotion models and appraisal models is that appraisal models assume that there is a cognitive antecedent that determines which emotion is triggered. Emotions go beyond simple judgments of stimuli in our environment and are forms of motivation that drive action. [24]