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Winemaking, wine-making, or vinification is the production of wine, starting with the selection of the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid. The history of wine -making stretches over millennia.
Oenology (also enology; / iː ˈ n ɒ l ə dʒ i / [1] [2] ee-NOL-o-jee) is the science and study of wine and winemaking.Oenology is distinct from viticulture, which is the science of the growing, cultivation, and harvesting of grapes. [3]
The natural occurrence of fermentation means it was probably first observed long ago by humans. [3] The earliest uses of the word "fermentation" in relation to winemaking was in reference to the apparent "boiling" within the must that came from the anaerobic reaction of the yeast to the sugars in the grape juice and the release of carbon dioxide.
Research uncovered the name Kanae Nagasawa, who had been a winemaker at Fountaingrove Winery, just 25 minutes from Freeman Winery. This Japanese vintner, who worked 120 years ago, was Akaboshi’s ...
Grape cultivation, winemaking [citation needed], and commerce in ancient Egypt c. 1500 BC. Wine played an important role in ancient Egyptian ceremonial life. A thriving royal winemaking industry was established in the Nile Delta following the introduction of grape cultivation from the Levant to Egypt c. 3000 BC.
A wine fault or defect is an unpleasant characteristic of a wine often resulting from poor winemaking practices or storage conditions, and leading to wine spoilage. Many of the compounds that cause wine faults are already naturally present in wine but at insufficient concentrations to adversely affect it.
Viticulturists are often intimately involved with winemakers, because vineyard management and the resulting grape characteristics provide the basis from which winemaking can begin. A great number of varieties are now approved in the European Union as true grapes for winegrowing and viticulture.
It is dedicated to promoting the interests of enologists, viticulturists, and others in the fields of wine and grape research and production throughout the world. The society publishes the American Journal of Enology and Viticulture .