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A replica of a Chappe telegraph tower (18th century). A 'semaphore telegraph', also called a 'semaphore line', 'optical telegraph', 'shutter telegraph chain', 'Chappe telegraph', or 'Napoleonic semaphore', is a system used for conveying information by means of visual signals, using towers with pivoting arms or shutters, also known as blades or paddles.
An illustration of some of the optical devices available for laboratory work in England in 1858. An optical instrument is a device that processes light waves (or photons), either to enhance an image for viewing or to analyze and determine their characteristic properties.
A bundle of optical fibers A TOSLINK fiber optic audio cable with red light shone in one end. An optical fiber, or optical fibre, is a flexible glass or plastic fiber that can transmit light [a] from one end to the other.
An electro-optic phase modulator for free-space beams An optical intensity modulator for optical telecommunications. An electro-optic modulator (EOM) is an optical device in which a signal-controlled element exhibiting an electro-optic effect is used to modulate a beam of light.
An optical communication system is any form of communications system that uses light as the transmission medium. Equipment consists of a transmitter, which encodes a message into an optical signal, a communication channel, which carries the signal to its destination, and a receiver, which reproduces the message from the received optical signal.
Phase shift through a beam splitter with a dielectric coating. Beam splitters are sometimes used to recombine beams of light, as in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer.In this case there are two incoming beams, and potentially two outgoing beams.
Laser communication in space is the use of free-space optical communication in outer space.Communication may be fully in space (an inter-satellite laser link) or in a ground-to-satellite or satellite-to-ground application.