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The "all-or-nothing thinking distortion" is also referred to as "splitting", [20] "black-and-white thinking", [2] and "polarized thinking." [21] Someone with the all-or-nothing thinking distortion looks at life in black and white categories. [15] Either they are a success or a failure; either they are good or bad; there is no in-between.
Since the term irrationalism is often used as a derogatory accusation to criticize other positions as unreasonable, unscientific and thus wrong, it is controversial as a scientific category, especially in individual cases. Otherwise, however, the term is often used unspecifically and - like its counterpart, rationalism - in very different meanings.
The framing effect is the tendency to draw different conclusions from the same information, depending on how that information is presented. Forms of the framing effect include: Contrast effect , the enhancement or reduction of a certain stimulus's perception when compared with a recently observed, contrasting object.
In psychology, a phenomenon related to the false dilemma is "black-and-white thinking" or "thinking in black and white". There are people who routinely engage in black-and-white thinking, an example of which is someone who categorizes other people as all good or all bad. [15]
Splitting, also called binary thinking, dichotomous thinking, black-and-white thinking, all-or-nothing thinking, or thinking in extremes, is the failure in a person's thinking to bring together the dichotomy of both perceived positive and negative qualities of something into a cohesive, realistic whole.
Dada Surrealist art movements embraced irrationality as a means to "reject reason and logic". André Breton , for example, argued for a rejection of pure logic and reason which are seen as responsible for many contemporary social problems.
Across 32 years of giving people financial advice on the airwaves, Dave Ramsey has probably seen it all. But on an episode of "The Ramsey Show" earlier this year, he called out financial mistakes ...
However, there are exceptions to this rule, including black-and-white fine art photography, as well as many film motion pictures and art film(s). Early photographs in the late 19th and early to mid 20th centuries were often developed in black and white, as an alternative to sepia due to limitations in film available at the time.