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Graphs such as these are among the objects studied by discrete mathematics, for their interesting mathematical properties, their usefulness as models of real-world problems, and their importance in developing computer algorithms.
In logic, the law of non-contradiction (LNC; also known as the law of contradiction, principle of non-contradiction (PNC), or the principle of contradiction) states that propositions cannot both be true and false at the same time, e. g. the two propositions "the house is white" and "the house is not white" are mutually exclusive.
Mathematical logic is the study of formal logic within mathematics.Major subareas include model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory (also known as computability theory).
The propositional calculus [a] is a branch of logic. [1] It is also called propositional logic, [2] statement logic, [1] sentential calculus, [3] sentential logic, [4] [1] or sometimes zeroth-order logic.
The problem of estimating the maximum of a discrete uniform distribution on the integer interval [,] from a sample of k observations is commonly known as the German tank problem, following the practical application of this maximum estimation problem, during World War II, by Allied forces seeking to estimate German tank production.
In mathematical logic, a theory (also called a formal theory) is a set of sentences in a formal language.In most scenarios a deductive system is first understood from context, after which an element of a deductively closed theory is then called a theorem of the theory.
In logic and formal semantics, term logic, also known as traditional logic, syllogistic logic or Aristotelian logic, is a loose name for an approach to formal logic that began with Aristotle and was developed further in ancient history mostly by his followers, the Peripatetics.
A System of Logic begins with a discussion of difficulty of a preliminary definition of what Logic is but gives one.Mill asserts his right to do this, " I do this by virtue of the right I claim for every author, to give whatever provisional definition he pleases of his own subject".