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Modulo is a mathematical jargon that was introduced into mathematics in the book Disquisitiones Arithmeticae by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1801. [3] Given the integers a, b and n, the expression "a ≡ b (mod n)", pronounced "a is congruent to b modulo n", means that a − b is an integer multiple of n, or equivalently, a and b both share the same remainder when divided by n.
In computing, the modulo operation returns the remainder or signed remainder of a division, after one number is divided by another, called the modulus of the operation.. Given two positive numbers a and n, a modulo n (often abbreviated as a mod n) is the remainder of the Euclidean division of a by n, where a is the dividend and n is the divisor.
In statistics, the mode is the value that appears most often in a set of data values. [1] If X is a discrete random variable, the mode is the value x at which the probability mass function takes its maximum value (i.e., x=argmax x i P(X = x i)).
In the mensural notation that emerged later, modus specifies the subdivision of the longa. Outside of Western classical music , "mode" is sometimes used to embrace similar concepts such as Octoechos , maqam , pathet etc. (see § Analogues in different musical traditions below).
Modus may refer to: Modus, the Latin name for grammatical mood, in linguistics; Modus, the Latin name for mode (statistics) Modus (company), an Alberta-based company; Modus (medieval music), a term used in several different technical meanings in medieval music theory; The Renault Modus, a small car; Modus (band), a pop music band in former ...
Euclidean space was introduced by ancient Greeks as an abstraction of our physical space. Their great innovation, appearing in Euclid's Elements was to build and prove all geometry by starting from a few very basic properties, which are abstracted from the physical world, and cannot be mathematically proved because of the lack of more basic tools.
This is the modus ponens rule of propositional logic. Rules of inference are often formulated as schemata employing metavariables . [ 2 ] In the rule (schema) above, the metavariables A and B can be instantiated to any element of the universe (or sometimes, by convention, a restricted subset such as propositions ) to form an infinite set of ...
The word proof derives from the Latin probare 'to test'; related words include English probe, probation, and probability, as well as Spanish probar 'to taste' (sometimes 'to touch' or 'to test'), [5] Italian provare 'to try', and German probieren 'to try'.