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Turks in Azerbaijan, or Turkish Azerbaijanis, (Turkish: Azerbaycan'daki Türkler) refers to ethnic Turkish people who live in the Republic of Azerbaijan.The community is largely made of Ottoman Turkish descendants who have lived in Azerbaijan for centuries, as well as the Turkish Meskhetian community which arrived in large numbers during Soviet rule.
In Azerbaijani language publications, the expression "Azerbaijani nation" referring to those who were known as Tatars of the Caucasus first appeared in the newspaper Kashkul in 1880. [ 72 ] During the early Soviet period, the term "Transcaucasian Tatars " was supplanted by "Azerbaijani Turks" and ultimately "Azerbaijanis."
The Turkish speakers of Azerbaijan (q.v.) are mainly descended from the earlier Iranian speakers, several pockets of whom still exist in the region. A massive migration of Oghuz Turks in the 11th and 12th centuries gradually Turkified Azerbaijan as well as Anatolia. The Azeri Turks are Shiʿites and were founders of the Safavid dynasty.
Speakers of Turkish and Azerbaijani can, to an extent, communicate with each other as both languages have substantial similarity. However, it is easier for many Azerbaijani speakers to understand Turkish than it is for Turkish speakers to understand Azerbaijani. [55] Turkish soap operas are very popular with Azeris in both Iran and Azerbaijan.
The Karapapakhs (Azerbaijani: Qarapapaqlar; Turkish: Karapapaklar), or Terekeme [1] (Azerbaijani: Tərəkəmələr; Turkish: Terekemeler), are a Turkic people and an ethnographic subgroup of Azerbaijanis.
In 1866, the Chief of Staff of the Russian Army in Dagestan, A. V. Komarov, wrote that Azerbaijani Turks were composed of Turkic tribes and spoke the Turki-Azerbaijani language. According to Komarov's report, Azerbaijani Turks at that time lived in 29 localities in Dagestan, with a total population of 18,250.
The three languages with the largest number of speakers are Turkish, Azerbaijani and Turkmen, which, combined, account for more than 95% of speakers of this sub-branch. Kara-Khanid scholar Mahmud al-Kashgari , who lived in the 11th century, stated that the Oghuz language was the simplest among all Turkic languages.
The primary and official language of Azerbaijan is Azerbaijani, [1] [2] a Turkic language closely related to and partially mutually intelligible with Modern Turkish. [3] Together with Turkish, Turkmen and Gagauz, Azerbaijani is a member of Oghuz branch of southwestern group Turkic language family. [4]