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Cefazolin, also known as cefazoline and cephazolin, is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. [2] Specifically it is used to treat cellulitis , urinary tract infections , pneumonia , endocarditis , joint infection , and biliary tract infections . [ 2 ]
If an allergic reaction to ceftaroline occurs, the drug should be discontinued. Serious acute hypersensitivity reactions require emergency treatment with epinephrine and other emergency measures, that may include airway management, oxygen, intravenous fluids, antihistamines, corticosteroids, and vasopressors as clinically indicated.
Penicillin-allergic women without a history of anaphylaxis (angioedema, respiratory distress, or urticaria) following administration of a penicillin or a cephalosporin (low risk of anaphylaxis) could receive cefazolin (2 g IV initial dose, then 1 g IV every 8 hours until delivery) instead of penicillin or ampicillin.
The United Kingdom's Health Protection Agency has stated that "most isolates with NDM-1 enzyme are resistant to all standard intravenous antibiotics for treatment of severe infections." [ 100 ] On 26 May 2016, an E. coli " superbug " was identified in the United States resistant to colistin , "the last line of defence" antibiotic .
Cefaclor is frequently used against bacteria responsible for causing skin infections, otitis media, urinary tract infections, and others. Cefaclor has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms, both in vitro and in clinical infections: Gram positive aerobes - Staphylococci (including coagulase-positive, coagulase-negative, and penicillinase-producing strains ...
Cefazolin: Ancef, Kefzol: Cephradine: Cephapirin: Cephalothin: Cefalexin: Keflex: Cephalosporins (Second generation) Cefaclor: Distaclor, Ceclor, Raniclor: Less Gram-positive cover, improved Gram-negative cover. Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea; Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently) - if contains methylthiotetrazole side group
It is an intravenously administered agent with a similar antimicrobial spectrum to cefazolin and the oral agents cefalexin and cefadroxil. Cefalotin sodium is marketed as Keflin and under other trade names. [4] The compound is a derivative of thiophene-2-acetic acid. [5]
Cefoxitin is sold in three major IV doses, 1g, 2g, and 10g. [21] It is usually given to adults every six to eight hours in 1g or 2g doses. [22] Cefoxitin may interfere with tests detecting urine glucose and result in a false positive. [23] As with any antibiotic, it should not be given to patients who are allergic to it. [23]