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The first documented Africans were brought to Maryland in 1642, as 13 slaves at St. Mary's City, the first English settlement in the Province. [1] Slave labor made possible the export-driven plantation economy. The English observer William Strickland wrote of agriculture in Virginia and Maryland in the 1790s:
The Feekes scale is a system to identify the growth and development of cereal crops introduced by the Dutch agronomists Willem Feekes (1907-1979) in 1941. [1] [2] This scale is more widely used in the United States [3] than other similar and more descriptive [4] [5] scales such as the Zadoks scale or the BBCH scale.
Cereals are the world's largest crops by tonnage of grain produced. [82] Three cereals, maize, wheat, and rice, together accounted for 89% of all cereal production worldwide in 2012, and 43% of the global supply of food energy in 2009, [90] while the production of oats and rye has drastically fallen from their 1960s levels. [91]
The differences in conditions will cause some plants to grow more strongly and therefore taller, and others less strongly and therefore shorter. Some species will also react through differential ripening of their fruits or their overall colour. Particularly effective crops that exhibit differential growth include cereal crops, peas, and potatoes.
As a global food source, the most important edible seeds by weight are cereals, followed by legumes, nuts, [2] then spices. Cereals (grain crops) and legumes correspond with the botanical families Poaceae and Fabaceae, respectively, while nuts, pseudocereals, and other seeds form polyphylic groups based on their culinary roles.
Industrial crops: cotton, sugarcane, tobacco, groundnut, castor, gingelly, tapioca, etc. Food adjuncts: food and industrial use, no distinct demarcation; spices, condiments, beverages, and narcotics. It is also possible that one crop which has been included as a food crop may be figured as an industrial crop; for example maize or tapioca.
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A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legumes . After being harvested, dry grains are more durable than other staple foods , such as starchy fruits ( plantains , breadfruit , etc.) and tubers ( sweet potatoes , cassava , and more).