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SHA-256 SHA-384 SHA-512: 2002 SHA-224: 2004 SHA-3 (Keccak) 2008 Guido Bertoni Joan Daemen Michaël Peeters Gilles Van Assche: RadioGatún: Website Specification: Streebog: 2012 FSB, InfoTeCS JSC RFC 6986: Tiger: 1995 Ross Anderson Eli Biham: Website Specification: Whirlpool: 2004 Vincent Rijmen Paulo Barreto: Website
SHA-2: A family of two similar hash functions, with different block sizes, known as SHA-256 and SHA-512. They differ in the word size; SHA-256 uses 32-bit words where SHA-512 uses 64-bit words. There are also truncated versions of each standard, known as SHA-224, SHA-384, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256. These were also designed by the NSA.
Slightly less computationally expensive than a birthday attack, [15] but for practical purposes, memory requirements make it more expensive. MD4: 2 64: 3 operations 2007-03-22 Finding collisions almost as fast as verifying them. [16] PANAMA: 2 128: 2 6: 2007-04-04 Paper, [17] improvement of an earlier theoretical attack from 2001. [18] RIPEMD ...
SHA-384 and the lesser-known SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256 are all variants of SHA-512. SHA-512 is more secure than SHA-256 and is commonly faster than SHA-256 on 64-bit machines such as AMD64. The output size in bits is given by the extension to the "SHA" name, so SHA-224 has an output size of 224 bits (28 bytes); SHA-256, 32 bytes; SHA-384, 48 ...
SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published in 2001. [3] [4] They are built using the Merkle–Damgård construction, from a one-way compression function itself built using the Davies–Meyer structure from a specialized block cipher.
Secure Hash Algorithm 2 (SHA-256 and SHA-384) — message digest Per CNSSP-15, the 256-bit elliptic curve (specified in FIPS 186-2), SHA-256, and AES with 128-bit keys are sufficient for protecting classified information up to the Secret level, while the 384-bit elliptic curve (specified in FIPS 186-2), SHA-384, and AES with 256-bit keys are ...
Instructions for SHA-512 was introduced in Arrow Lake and Lunar Lake in 2024. The original SSE-based extensions added four instructions supporting SHA-1 and three for SHA-256. SHA-1: SHA1RNDS4, SHA1NEXTE, SHA1MSG1, SHA1MSG2; SHA-256: SHA256RNDS2, SHA256MSG1, SHA256MSG2
Otherwise, the equation in step 6 can be solved for , the private key: given two signatures (,) and (, ′), employing the same unknown for different known messages and ′, an attacker can calculate and ′, and since ′ = (′) (all operations in this paragraph are done modulo ) the attacker can find = ′ ′.