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  2. Biological organisation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_organisation

    The higher levels of this scheme are often referred to as an ecological organisation concept, or as the field, hierarchical ecology. Each level in the hierarchy represents an increase in organisational complexity , with each "object" being primarily composed of the previous level's basic unit. [ 2 ]

  3. Ecological unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_unit

    Ecological units refer to specific levels or degrees of organization within ecological systems. The units that are most commonly used and discussed within ecological systems are those at the levels of individuals, populations , communities , and ecosystems . [ 1 ]

  4. Hierarchy theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchy_theory

    Hierarchy theory is a means of studying ecological systems in which the relationship between all of the components is of great complexity. Hierarchy theory focuses on levels of organization and issues of scale, with a specific focus on the role of the observer in the definition of the system. [1]

  5. Ecosystem management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_management

    In 1989, led by a municipal organization, a collaborative management strategy was adopted, involving diverse stakeholders concerned with the ecological, social, and economic facets of the ecosystem. The Kristianstads Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve was established in 2005 to promote the preservation of the ecosystem's socio-ecological services ...

  6. The Natural Step - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Natural_Step

    The 5 Level Framework (5LF) is a comprehensive model for planning and decision making in complex systems based on whole systems thinking. It comprises 5 levels: 1) System, 2) Success, 3) Strategic Guidelines, 4) Actions and 5) Tools.

  7. Ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology

    The scope of ecology contains a wide array of interacting levels of organization spanning micro-level (e.g., cells) to a planetary scale (e.g., biosphere) phenomena. Ecosystems, for example, contain abiotic resources and interacting life forms (i.e., individual organisms that aggregate into populations which aggregate into distinct ecological ...

  8. Ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem

    An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system formed by organisms in interaction with their environment. [ 2 ] : 458 The biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.

  9. Ecosystem ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_ecology

    Population, community, and physiological ecology provide many of the underlying biological mechanisms influencing ecosystems and the processes they maintain. Flowing of energy and cycling of matter at the ecosystem level are often examined in ecosystem ecology, but, as a whole, this science is defined more by subject matter than by scale.