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In mathematics, a series is, roughly speaking, an addition of infinitely many terms, one after the other. [1] The study of series is a major part of calculus and its generalization, mathematical analysis. Series are used in most areas of mathematics, even for studying finite structures in combinatorics through generating functions.
In mathematics, a sequence is a list of objects (or events) which have been ordered in a sequential fashion; such that each member either comes before, or after, every other member. More formally, a sequence is a function with a domain equal to the set of positive integers. A series is a sum of a sequence of terms. That is, a series is a list ...
An infinite series of any rational function of can be reduced to a finite series of polygamma functions, by use of partial fraction decomposition, [8] as explained here. This fact can also be applied to finite series of rational functions, allowing the result to be computed in constant time even when the series contains a large number of terms.
An infinite sequence of real numbers (in blue). This sequence is neither increasing, decreasing, convergent, nor Cauchy. It is, however, bounded. In mathematics, a sequence is an enumerated collection of objects in which repetitions are allowed and order matters. Like a set, it contains members (also called elements, or terms).
In mathematics, the branch of real analysis studies the behavior of real numbers, sequences and series of real numbers, and real functions. [1] Some particular properties of real-valued sequences and functions that real analysis studies include convergence, limits, continuity, smoothness, differentiability and integrability.
Informally, a sequence converges if it has a limit. Continuing informally, a (singly-infinite) sequence has a limit if it approaches some point x, called the limit, as n becomes very large. That is, for an abstract sequence (a n) (with n running from 1 to infinity understood) the distance between a n and x approaches 0 as n → ∞, denoted
In mathematics, a series is the sum of the terms of an infinite sequence of numbers. More precisely, an infinite sequence (,,, …) defines a series S that is denoted = + + + = =. The n th partial sum S n is the sum of the first n terms of the sequence; that is,
The sequence of partial sums obtained by grouping is a subsequence of the partial sums of the original series. The convergence of each absolutely convergent series is an equivalent condition for a normed vector space to be Banach (i.e.: complete).