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2. Ejection fraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejection_fraction

   An ejection fraction (EF) is the volumetric fraction (or portion of the total) of fluid (usually blood) ejected from a chamber (usually the heart) with each contraction (or heartbeat). It can refer to the cardiac atrium , [ 1 ] ventricle , [ 2 ] gall bladder, [ 3 ] or leg veins, [ 4 ] although if unspecified it usually refers to the left ...

3. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_failure_with...

   Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a form of heart failure in which the ejection fraction – the percentage of the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat divided by the volume of blood when the left ventricle is maximally filled – is normal, defined as greater than 50%; [1] this may be measured by echocardiography or cardiac catheterization.

4. Heart failure - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_failure

   Heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF), previously called "heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction", [63] is defined by an ejection fraction of 41–49%. [63] Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF): Synonyms no longer recommended include "diastolic heart failure" and "heart failure with normal ...

5. Pathophysiology of heart failure - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathophysiology_of_heart...

   The main pathophysiology of heart failure is a reduction in the efficiency of the heart muscle, through damage or overloading. As such, it can be caused by a wide number of conditions, including myocardial infarction (in which the heart muscle is starved of oxygen and dies), hypertension (which increases the force of contraction needed to pump blood) and cardiac amyloidosis (in which misfolded ...

6. Premature ventricular contraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premature_ventricular...

   The risk is higher with a PVC burden greater than 20%. PVC burden often decreases spontaneously over time. [25] People who do not have heart disease (with ejection fractions greater than 40%) have the same long-term prognoses as the minority of people without PVCs on the 24 hours.

7. Cardiac output - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_output

   Major factors influencing cardiac output – heart rate and stroke volume, both of which are variable. [1]In cardiac physiology, cardiac output (CO), also known as heart output and often denoted by the symbols , ˙, or ˙, [2] is the volumetric flow rate of the heart's pumping output: that is, the volume of blood being pumped by a single ventricle of the heart, per unit time (usually measured ...