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Representative democracy can be organized in different ways including both parliamentary and presidential systems of government. Elected representatives typically form a legislature (such as a parliament or congress), which may be composed of a single chamber (unicameral), two chambers (bicameral), or more than two chambers (multicameral).
Representativity is a measure of how well a deliberative decisionmaking process or body represents various constituency groups. It can be applied to legislatures in a representative democracy, election methods, legislative redistricting, statistical sampling, or selection of members of committees, cabinets, juries, or judicial panels.
The main types of democracy include the following: . Direct democracy – the people decide (e.g. vote on, form consensus on) policy initiatives directly.; Semi-direct democracy - a combination of direct and representative democracy.
The delegate model of representation is made use of in various forms of council democracy and commune democracy. Models of democratic rule making extensive use of the delegate model of representation are often labeled "delegative democracy". [2] [3] However, the merging of these two terms is criticized as misleading. [4]
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Descriptive representatives "stand for" to the extent that they resemble, in their descriptive characteristics (e.g. race, gender, class etc.), the people they represent. [5] On the other hand, symbolic representatives "stand for" the people they represent as long as those people believe in or accept them as their representative. [6]
A liberal democracy is a representative democracy which enshrines a liberal political philosophy, where the ability of the elected representatives to exercise decision-making power is subject to the rule of law, moderated by a constitution or laws that such as the protection of the rights and freedoms of individuals, and constrained on the ...
However, all of these were direct rather than indirect expressions of democracy, since their members were the people themselves rather than representatives of the people. The idea of an assembly of representatives, a representative assembly , as a political institution of a literate society first appeared in Europe in the Middle Ages , more ...