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The scores presented in the list cannot be definitive, but are based on itemized lists that are the best available sources of information. [4] Aces are listed after verifying the date and location of combat, and the foe vanquished, for every victory accredited by an aviator's home air service using their own aerial victory standards.
The following are lists of World War I flying aces. Historically, a flying ace was defined as a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat. The term was first used by French newspapers, describing Adolphe Pégoud as l'as (the ace), after he downed seven German aircraft.
Transferred to Air Service, United States Army, September, 1918 Awarded: Distinguished Service Cross (AS, USA) Distinguished Flying Cross (UK) [30] Silver Star Citation (×2) [31] Lawrence Kingsley Callahan: Lieutenant No. 85 Squadron RAF 148th Aero Squadron: 5 victories Transferred to Air Service, United States Army, November, 1918 [1] Awarded:
Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force: 38 [7] Leading 2 seater pilot of war MC* William Gordon Claxton Canada: Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force: 37 [7] DSO, DFC* Willy Coppens Belgium: Belgian Military Aviation: 37 [22] Top Belgian and balloon busting ace of war OL, OWE, OC, CdeG, BCdeG, CdeLd'H, DSO, MC James Ira Thomas Jones United Kingdom
Commanded the 6th Army (1916–1917) during the Battle of Arras and served as Governor of Belgium until the end of war; Oskar von Hutier - Commanded the 8th Army in 1917, notably in Operation Albion. He led the newly created 18th Army in the Spring Offensive; Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck − German Commander in the East Africa Campaign
"A good map is half the battle! The military cartography of the central powers in World War I." in History of military cartography (Springer, Cham, 2016) pp. 83–130. Espenhorst, Jürgen. "The Eye of the Army: German Aircraft and Aero Cartography in World War I." in History of Military Cartography (Springer, Cham, 2016) pp. 61–82.
Major Richard Roethe, Inspector of Flying Troops (1914–1916) Major, later Lieutenant-Colonel Wilhelm Siegert, 2nd Staff Officer of Field Air Services (1915–1916), Inspector of Flying Troops (1916–1918) Captain Wilhelm Haehnelt, Air Commander 5th Army (1915–1916), Air Commander 1st Army (1916–1918), Inspector of Flying Troops (1918–1919)
The US Army Air Service would adopt French standards for evaluating American victories scored for the USAAS, with one exception–during the summer of 1918, while flying under operational control of the British, the 17th Aero Squadron and the 148th Aero Squadron naturally used British standards. [8] American observers could become aces.