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The Abzû or Apsû (Sumerian: ๐๐ช abzû; Akkadian: ๐๐ช apsû), also called E ngar (Cuneiform: ๐, LAGAB×HAL; Sumerian: engar; Akkadian: engurru – lit. ab = 'water' zû = 'deep', recorded in Greek as แผπασฯν Apasแนn [1]), is the name for fresh water from underground aquifers which was given a religious fertilising quality in ancient near eastern cosmology, including ...
Enki (Sumerian: ๐ญ๐๐ D EN-KI) is the Sumerian god of water, knowledge (), crafts (gašam), and creation (nudimmud), and one of the Anunnaki.He was later known as Ea (Akkadian: ๐ญ๐๐) or Ae [5] in Akkadian (Assyrian-Babylonian) religion, and is identified by some scholars with Ia in Canaanite religion.
Samuel Noah Kramer identifies Ki with the Sumerian mother goddess Ninhursag, stating that they were originally the same figure. [3] [4] The oldest of the Anunnaki was Enlil, the god of air [5] and chief god of the Sumerian pantheon. [6] The Sumerians believed that, until Enlil was born, heaven and earth were inseparable. [7]
Enlil was the patron god of the Sumerian city-state of Nippur [14] and his main center of worship was the Ekur temple located there. [15] The name of the temple literally means "Mountain House" in ancient Sumerian. [16] The Ekur was believed to have been built and established by Enlil himself. [16]
Damu (Sumerian: ๐ญ๐๐ฌ) was a Mesopotamian god. While originally regarded as a dying god connected to vegetation, similar to Dumuzi or Ningishzida, with time he acquired the traits of a god of healing. He was regarded as the son of the medicine goddess Ninisina, or of her equivalents such as Gula or Ninkarrak.
In Sumerian cosmology, the souls of the dead had to travel across the desert or steppe, cross the Hubur river, to the mountainland of Kur. [5] Here the souls had to pass through seven different walled and gated locations to reach the netherworld. [11] The Anunnaki administered Kur as if it were a civilized settlement both architecturally and ...
Nammu (๐ญ๐ d ENGUR = d LAGAB×แธชAL; also read Namma [1]) was a Mesopotamian goddess regarded as a creator deity in the local theology of Eridu.It is assumed that she was associated with water.
The Akkadian words translated "Mount Niแนฃir" are "KUR-ú KUR ni-แนฃir". [31] The word KUR could mean hill or country; it is capitalized because it is a Sumerian word. [32] The first KUR is followed by a phonetic complement-ú which indicates that KUR-ú is to be read in Akkadian as šadú (hill) and not as mฤtu (country).