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Mask squeeze: Squeeze damage to blood vessels around the eyes. [34] Caused by local low pressure in the air space inside a diving half-mask. Ambient pressure increase during descent not balanced inside mask air space. Mask squeeze can be avoided by allowing air into the mask through the nose whenever the pressure difference is noticeable.
Helmet squeeze due to air hose failure is prevented by fitting a non-return valve in the line at the connection to the helmet. Testing of this valve is an essential daily pre-use check. [ 31 ] A similar mechanism is possible in the helium reclaim systems used for heliox diving, where a failure of the reclaim regulator can cause loss of gas ...
Barotrauma is physical damage to body tissues caused by a difference in pressure between a gas space inside, or in contact with, the body and the surrounding gas or liquid. [1] [2] The initial damage is usually due to over-stretching the tissues in tension or shear, either directly by an expansion of the gas in the closed space or by pressure difference hydrostatically transmitted through the ...
The reclaim exhaust valve prevents helmet squeeze by preventing exhaust flow except when there is a slight overpressure inside the helmet. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The material of the diving suit should be selected for best resistance to the contaminants, and ease of decontamination.
A helmet or full face mask will automatically equalise as any pressure differential will either vent through the exhaust valve or open the demand valve and release breathing gas for into the low-pressure space. An insufficient gas supply for the descent rate can lead to helmet squeeze.
The helmet has fittings to connect the air line and the diver's telephone. [12] [14] [15] All except the earliest helmets include a non-return valve where the airline is connected, which prevents potentially fatal helmet squeeze if the pressure in the hose is lost. The difference in pressure between the surface and the diver can be so great ...