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For a given vehicle and fuel system, R&D GREET separately calculates the following: Consumption of total energy (energy in non-renewable and renewable sources), fossil fuels (petroleum, fossil natural gas, and coal together), petroleum, coal and natural gas; Emissions of CO 2-equivalent greenhouse gases - primarily carbon dioxide (CO 2 ...
The carbon calculators are California-specific and calculate both direct greenhouse gas emissions, such as from fuel burned in your car or a natural gas furnace, and indirect greenhouse gas emissions, such as those emitted at power plants, or embedded in food or purchased goods. For both the household and small business calculators, all ...
The set-up process for vehicles ahead of the test. The last two are stricter than in the NEDC protocol, since they were previously used by car manufacturers to their advantage to keep CO 2 values (legally) as low as possible. [11] The procedure does not indicate fixed gear shift point, unlike the NEDC, letting each vehicle use its optimal shift ...
Using EPA 2018 Fuel Economy Guides assumptions for national average pricing of $2.56/gal regular gasoline and $0.13/kWh [42] we can calculate a vehicle that is rated at 84 MPGe or 40 kW/100 Mi efficiency and has a 16.5 kW EV battery of which 13.5 kWh is usable for electric driving with an advertised range of 33 miles per charge.
The mileage for dual-fuel vehicles, such as E85 capable models and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, is computed as the average of its alternative fuel rating—divided by 0.15 (equal to multiplying by 6.666)—and its gasoline rating. Thus an E85-capable vehicle that gets 15 mpg on E-85 and 25 mpg on gasoline might logically be rated at 20 mpg.
Federal emissions regulations cover the primary component of vehicle exhaust, carbon dioxide (CO 2). Since CO 2 emissions are proportional to the amount of fuel used, the national Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) regulations were historically the primary way in which automotive CO 2 emissions were regulated in the U.S.