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  2. Curved mirror - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curved_mirror

    A convex mirror diagram showing the focus, focal length, centre of curvature, principal axis, etc. A convex mirror or diverging mirror is a curved mirror in which the reflective surface bulges towards the light source. [1] Convex mirrors reflect light outwards, therefore they are not used to focus light.

  3. Radius of curvature (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature_(optics)

    A spherical lens or mirror surface has a center of curvature located either along or decentered from the system local optical axis. The vertex of the lens surface is located on the local optical axis. The distance from the vertex to the center of curvature is the radius of curvature of the surface.

  4. Optical lens design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_lens_design

    Optical lens design is the process of designing a lens to meet a set of performance requirements and constraints, including cost and manufacturing limitations. Parameters include surface profile types (spherical, aspheric, holographic, diffractive, etc.), as well as radius of curvature, distance to the next surface, material type and optionally tilt and decenter.

  5. Lens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens

    A lens with one convex and one concave side is convex-concave or meniscus. Convex-concave lenses are most commonly used in corrective lenses, since the shape minimizes some aberrations. For a biconvex or plano-convex lens in a lower-index medium, a collimated beam of light passing through the lens converges to a spot (a focus) behind

  6. Sagitta (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagitta_(optics)

    Deep blue ray refers the radius of curvature and the red line segment is the sagitta of the curve (black).. In optics and especially telescope making, sagitta or sag is a measure of the glass removed to yield an optical curve.

  7. Ray transfer matrix analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_transfer_matrix_analysis

    θ is the mirror angle of incidence in the horizontal plane. Thin lens f = focal length of lens where f > 0 for convex/positive (converging) lens. Only valid if the focal length is much greater than the thickness of the lens. Thick lens

  8. Focal length - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_length

    The focal point F and focal length f of a positive (convex) lens, a negative (concave) lens, a concave mirror, and a convex mirror.. The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power.

  9. Cardinal point (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_point_(optics)

    For a single lens surrounded by a medium of refractive index n = 1, the locations of the principal points H and H ′ with respect to the respective lens vertices are given by the formulas = ′ = (), where f is the focal length of the lens, d is its thickness, and r 1 and r 2 are the radii of curvature of its surfaces. Positive signs indicate ...