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Surabaya [a] is the capital city of East Java province and the second-largest city in Indonesia, ... The city was settled in the 10th century by the Kingdom of ...
In the latter half of the 16th century, the Sultanate of Demak, the dominant power on the island of Java, disintegrated into several independent states. [8] At the turn of the 17th century, three of these states emerged as the leading powers: the Sultanate of Banten in western Java, the Sultanate of Mataram in inland central Java, and the Duchy of Surabaya in coastal eastern Java.
The Portuguese writer Tomé Pires mentioned that a Muslim lord was in power in Surabaya in 1513 though likely a vassal of the Hindu–Buddhist Majapahit. [1] At that time, Surabaya was already a major trading port, [2] owing to its location on the River Brantas delta and on the trade route between Malacca and the Spice Islands via the Java Sea. [3]
The Sura and Baya statues symbolize "those who dare to face danger". Linguistically, "sura" means courage, while "baya" means danger. In the past, when the Majapahit Kingdom was founded, there was an attack by the Tar-Tar people or Mongols who invaded the land of Java.
1 April 1906 – Surabaya's city council was established, composed of 15 Europeans, 3 natives, and 3 Chinese/Arabs. [16] 1910 – Work began on the construction of a modern port at Tanjung Perak. [17] 1913 – The Nederlandsch-Indische Artsen School/NIAS (Surabaya Medical college) was founded. [18]
With Surabaya brought into the empire, the Mataram kingdom encompassed all of central and eastern Java, also Madura and Sukadana on southwest Borneo, [5] except for the west and east end of the island and its mountainous south (except for Mataram — of course). Sultan Agung consolidated his political unity by forging marriage alliance of his ...
After five years of war, Agung finally conquered Surabaya in a siege in 1625. With Surabaya brought into the empire, the Mataram kingdom encompassed all of central and eastern Java (plus Madura), except for the west end of Java and its mountainous south. In the west, Banten and the Dutch settlement in Batavia remained outside Agung's control.
The Majapahit kingdom was established in 1293 by Raden Wijaya with the help of cunning and able Arya Wiraraja, the Regent of Madura. As a reward of Wiraraja's support, in 1295, Raden Wijaya agreed to give the eastern salient of Java, which includes Blambangan areas with Lumajang as its capital.