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Jean-Jacques Dessalines (Haitian Creole: Jan-Jak Desalin; French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ ʒak dɛsalin]; 20 September 1758 – 17 October 1806) was the first Haitian Emperor, leader of the Haitian Revolution, and the first ruler of an independent Haiti under the 1805 constitution.
The Oath of the Ancestors (Le Serment des ancêtres) is an 1822 oil-on-canvas painting by French Neoclassical artist Guillaume Guillon-Lethière.The painting depicts two of Haiti’s founding revolutionaries, mixed-race general Alexandre Pétion and Black general Jean-Jacques Dessalines at a decisive moment in the Haitian Revolution.
Jean-Jacques Dessalines featured on a 250-gourde banknote. In 1802, Louverture was arrested and deported to France, where he later died in prison, leaving leadership of the military to Jean-Jacques Dessalines. In 1804, the French were defeated. [34]
Abdaraya Toya "Victoria Montou" (Circa 1739–1805) was a Dahomey warrior and freedom fighter in the army of Jean-Jacques Dessalines during the Haitian Revolution.Before the Revolution she and Dessalines had been enslaved on the same estate, and the two remained close throughout her life, with Dessalines calling her his aunt.
The 1804 Haiti massacre, also referred to as the Haitian genocide, [1] [2] [3] was carried out by Afro-Haitian soldiers, mostly former slaves, under orders from Jean-Jacques Dessalines against much of the remaining European population in Haiti, which mainly included French people.
The First Empire of Haiti, [1] officially known as the Empire of Haiti [2] [3] (French: Empire d'Haïti; [4] Haitian Creole: Anpi an Ayiti), [5] was an elective monarchy in North America. Haiti was controlled by France before declaring independence on 1 January 1804. The Governor-General of Haiti, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, created the empire on ...
Emperor Jean-Jacques Dessalines proclaimed Haiti's independence in 1804, but his dictatorship was unpopular and he was assassinated by soldiers in 1806. His body was stoned by crowds in Port-au-Prince. Défilée eventually gathered his remains for burial, although historical accounts differ on whether she carried them to a cemetery.
With this declaration, Haiti became the first independent Black nation in the Western Hemisphere. [12] [13] Jean-Jacques Dessalines became the first ruler of an independent Haiti under the 1805 constitution. He was Governor-General of Haiti from January 1st, 1804, to September 2nd, 1804, and Emperor of Haiti from September 2nd, 1804, to October ...