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When modelling relations between two different classes of objects, bipartite graphs very often arise naturally. For instance, a graph of football players and clubs, with an edge between a player and a club if the player has played for that club, is a natural example of an affiliation network, a type of bipartite graph used in social network analysis.
A complete bipartite graph K m,n has a maximum matching of size min{m,n}. A complete bipartite graph K n,n has a proper n-edge-coloring corresponding to a Latin square. [14] Every complete bipartite graph is a modular graph: every triple of vertices has a median that belongs to shortest paths between each pair of vertices. [15]
An example of a bipartite graph, with a maximum matching (blue) and minimum vertex cover (red) both of size six. In the mathematical area of graph theory, Kőnig's theorem, proved by Dénes Kőnig (), describes an equivalence between the maximum matching problem and the minimum vertex cover problem in bipartite graphs.
A stronger definition of bipartiteness is: a hypergraph is called bipartite if its vertex set V can be partitioned into two sets, X and Y, such that each hyperedge contains exactly one element of X. [2] [3] Every bipartite graph is also a bipartite hypergraph. Every bipartite hypergraph is 2-colorable, but bipartiteness is stronger than 2 ...
In graph theory, a star S k is the complete bipartite graph K 1,k : a tree with one internal node and k leaves (but no internal nodes and k + 1 leaves when k ≤ 1). Alternatively, some authors define S k to be the tree of order k with maximum diameter 2; in which case a star of k > 2 has k − 1 leaves. A star with 3 edges is called a claw.
A bipartite graph with 4 vertices on each side, 13 edges, and no , subgraph, and an equivalent set of 13 points in a 4 × 4 grid, showing that (;).. The number (;) asks for the maximum number of edges in a bipartite graph with vertices on each side that has no 4-cycle (its girth is six or more).
The bipartite dimension of the n-vertex complete graph, is ⌈ ⌉.. The bipartite dimension of a 2n-vertex crown graph equals (), where = {(⌊ / ⌋)}is the inverse function of the central binomial coefficient (de Caen, Gregory & Pullman 1981).
A bipartite graph B = (X,Y,E) is chordal bipartite if and only if every induced subgraph of B has a maximum X-neighborhood ordering and a maximum Y-neighborhood ordering. [5] Various results describe the relationship between chordal bipartite graphs and totally balanced neighborhood hypergraphs of bipartite graphs. [6]