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Like other cytokine receptors, Leptin receptor protein has three different regions: i) extracellular, ii) trans-membrane, and iii) intracellular.The extracellular part has 5 functional domains: [12] i) membrane distal 1st cytokine receptor homology (CRH1), ii) Immunoglobulin like (Ig), iii) 2nd cytokine receptor homology (CRH2) and iv) two membrane proximal fibronectine type-III (FNIII) domains.
Leptin receptors are expressed not only in the hypothalamus but also in other brain regions, particularly in the hippocampus. Thus some leptin receptors in the brain are classified as central (hypothalamic) and some as peripheral (non-hypothalamic). As scientifically known so far, the general effects of leptin in the central nervous system are:
Updated leptin–melanocortin model. The central melanocortin system is defined anatomically as a collection of central nervous system circuits which include: . Neurons that express hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and agouti gene-related protein or proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and that originate in the arcuate nucleus.
The PI3K/AKT pathway is crucial in this decision making process. NSCs are able to sense and respond to changes in the brain or throughout the organism. When blood glucose levels are elevated acutely, insulin is released from the pancreas. Activation of insulin receptors activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, which promotes proliferation. [3]
Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIGLEC6 gene. [3] The gene was originally named CD33L (CD33-like) due to similarities between these genes but later became known as OB-BP1 (OB [leptin]-binding protein 1) due to its ability to bind to this factor and, finally, SIGLEC6 as the sixth member of the SIGLEC family of receptors to be identified. [4]
Also, one study indicates that JAK1 is needed to carry out signalling for receptors of the cytokines IFNγ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10. [22] The JAK-STAT pathway in cytokine receptor signalling can activate STATs, which can bind to DNA and allow the transcription of genes involved in immune cell division, survival, activation and recruitment.
By contrast, however, studies in common carp demonstrated a peak in leptin-I(lepa1) and leptin–II (lepa2) in liver at 3 and 6 hr post feeding respectively. [10] The earlier expression response of leptins in common carp likely reflects the higher temperature under which the experiments were conducted, but contrasts the findings of upregulation ...
69150 Ensembl ENSG00000114520 ENSMUSG00000022808 UniProt O95219 Q91YJ2 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003794 NM_080557 RefSeq (protein) NP_003785 NP_542124 Location (UCSC) Chr 3: 125.45 – 125.52 Mb Chr 16: 33.07 – 33.12 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Sorting nexin-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNX4 gene. This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family ...