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Europa Universalis III is a grand strategy video game developed by Paradox Development Studio and published by Paradox Interactive. The game was released for Microsoft Windows in January 2007, and was later ported to Mac OS X by Virtual Programming in November 2007.
Europium(III) sulfate, Eu 2 (SO 4) 3 Europium(III) sulfate fluorescing red under ultraviolet light. Europium compounds tend to exist in a trivalent oxidation state under most conditions. Commonly these compounds feature Eu(III) bound by 6–9 oxygenic ligands. The Eu(III) sulfates, nitrates and chlorides are soluble in water or polar organic ...
2 Eu 2 O 3 + 2 EuOCl + 2 LiH → 2 Eu 3 O 4 + 2 LiCl + H 2 ↑. Europium(III) oxide is the most stable oxide of europium, a light pink solid with a high melting point, which can be obtained by the thermal decomposition of europium(III) nitrate. [13] It reacts with water to give EuOOH. [15]
Europium(III) nitrate hexahydrate under fluorescent lamp (left) and UV light (right). Europium(III) nitrate is an inorganic compound with the formula Eu(NO 3) 3 ·x(H 2 O). The hexahydrate is a common salt. It forms colorless hygroscopic crystals.
Europium(III) hydroxide can be prepared by reacting metallic europium with water. It reacts with acids and produces europium(III) salts: Eu(OH) 3 + 3 H + → Eu 3+ + 3 H 2 O. Europium(III) hydroxide decomposes to EuO(OH) at elevated temperature. Further decomposition produces Eu 2 O 3. [1]
Europium(III) acetate is an inorganic salt of europium and acetic acid with the chemical formula of Eu(CH 3 COO) 3. In this compound, europium exhibits the +3 oxidation state. It can exist in the anhydrous form, sesquihydrate [a] [1] and tetrahydrate. [2] Its hydrate molecule is a dimer. [3] [4]
Europium metal reacts directly with iodine to form europium(III) iodide: [5] 2 Eu + 3 I 2 → 2 EuI 3. Hydrated europium(III) iodide can be prepared dissolving europium(III) oxide or europium(III) carbonate in hydroiodic acid: [1] [6] Eu 2 O 3 + 6 HI + 6 H 2 O → 2 EuI 3 ·9H 2 O. Europium powder reacts with iodine in THF to form a THF adduct ...
Europium(III) chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula EuCl 3. The anhydrous compound is a yellow solid. Being hygroscopic it rapidly absorbs water to form a white crystalline hexahydrate , EuCl 3 ·6H 2 O, which is colourless.