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The Elvish languages are a family of several related languages and dialects. In 1937, Tolkien drafted the Lhammas and The Etymologies, both edited and published in the 1987 The Lost Road and Other Writings. They depict a tree of languages analogous to that of the Indo-European languages that Tolkien knew as a philologist. [2] [6]
In 1937, Tolkien wrote the Lhammas, a linguistic treatise addressing the relationships of the languages spoken in Middle-earth during the First Age, principally the Elvish languages. The text purports to be a translation of an Elvish work , written by one Pengolodh, whose historical works are presented as being the main source of the narratives ...
The languages were the first thing Tolkien created for his mythos, starting with what he originally called "Qenya", the first primitive form of Elvish. This was later called Quenya (High-elven) and is one of the two most complete of Tolkien's languages (the other being Sindarin , or Grey-elven).
However, Tolkien sometimes called the writing system "The Tengwar of Rúmil", where the word tengwar means "letters" in Quenya. "Sarati" is the Quenya name for Rúmil's script. [1] Upon marrying and getting a job as an assistant on the Oxford English Dictionary, Tolkien began to keep a diary that was written exclusively using the "alphabet of ...
The Tolkien scholar Tom Shippey notes that in The Fellowship of the Ring, the poem A Elbereth Gilthoniel, written in Sindarin, one of Tolkien's invented Elvish languages, is presented directly without translation: [6] [9]
Tolkien called it Goldogrin or "Gnomish" in English. He wrote a substantial dictionary of Gnomish and a grammar. [T 2] This is the first conceptual stage of the Sindarin language. At the same time Tolkien conceived a History of the Elves and wrote it in the Book of Lost Tales.