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In hematology, plasma cell dyscrasias (also termed plasma cell disorders and plasma cell proliferative diseases) are a spectrum of progressively more severe monoclonal gammopathies in which a clone or multiple clones of pre-malignant or malignant plasma cells (sometimes in association with lymphoplasmacytoid cells or B lymphocytes) over-produce and secrete into the blood stream a myeloma ...
Cameron lesions, often multiple, were found at or near the level where the herniated stomach was constricted by the diaphragm. The lesions were typically white, superficial, linear, and oriented along the crests of inflamed appearing mucosal folds (figure 2). Small amounts of blood were often seen on the lesions (Fig 3).
Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which there is an abnormal (metaplastic) change in the mucosal cells lining the lower portion of the esophagus, from stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar epithelium with interspersed goblet cells that are normally present only in the small intestine and large intestine.
Endomicroscopy is a technique for obtaining histology-like images from inside the human body in real-time, [1] [2] [3] a process known as ‘optical biopsy’. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It generally refers to fluorescence confocal microscopy , although multi-photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography have also been adapted for endoscopic use.
Direct detection of urease activity in a biopsy specimen by rapid urease test; [15] Measurement of antibody levels in the blood (does not require EGD). It is still somewhat controversial whether a positive antibody without EGD is enough to warrant eradication therapy; Stool antigen test; [37] Histological examination and staining of an EGD biopsy.
The examination of the colon, to rule out a lesion contributing to blood loss, along with an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (gastroscopy) to rule out oesophageal, stomach, and proximal duodenal sources of blood loss. Fecal occult blood is a quick test which can be done to test for microscopic traces of blood in the stool. A positive test is ...
Diagnosis is usually by biopsy done during endoscopy. [1] This is followed by medical imaging to determine if the disease has spread to other parts of the body. [1] Japan and South Korea, two countries that have high rates of the disease, screen for stomach cancer. [2] A Mediterranean diet lowers the risk of stomach cancer, as does not smoking.
Biopsy of chest wall Pleural biopsy Closed (percutaneous) (needle) biopsy of mediastinum Open mediastinal biopsy Biopsy of diaphragm Other diagnostic procedures on chest wall, pleura, and diaphragm Other diagnostic procedures on mediastinum Excision or destruction of lesion or tissue of mediastinum