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A surface grinder is a machine tool used to provide precision ground surfaces, either to a critical size or for the surface finish. The typical precision of a surface grinder depends on the type and usage, however ±0.002 mm (±0.0001 in) should be achievable on most surface grinders.
A Tool and Cutter Grinder is used to sharpen milling cutters and tool bits along with a host of other cutting tools. It is an extremely versatile machine used to perform a variety of grinding operations: surface, cylindrical, or complex shapes.
A grinding machine, often shortened to grinder, is any of various power tools or machine tools used for grinding. It is a type of material removal using an abrasive wheel as the cutting tool. [1] Each grain of abrasive on the wheel's surface cuts a small chip from the workpiece via shear deformation.
The tolerances that are normally achieved with surface grinding are ±2 × 10 −4 inches (5.1 μm) for grinding a flat material and ±3 × 10 −4 inches (7.6 μm) for a parallel surface. [ 4 ] The surface grinder is composed of an abrasive wheel, a workholding device known as a chuck , either electromagnetic or vacuum, and a reciprocating table.
The use of diamond attachments is the most common type of abrasive used under concrete grinders and come in many grits that range from 6 grit to the high thousands, although 1800 grit is considered by the insurance industry as the highest shine to apply to a floor surface.
Micro milling is also known as carbide grinding. It is a lower cost alternative to diamond grinding of pavement. [2] Micro milling uses a specialty drum with three to four times as many cutting teeth than a standard milling drum. [12] Micro milling can be used either as the final surface [13] or as a treatment before applying a thin overlay. [12]
SAG is an acronym for semi-autogenous grinding. SAG mills are autogenous mills that also use grinding balls like a ball mill. A SAG mill is usually a primary or first stage grinder. SAG mills use a ball charge of 8 to 21%. [9] [10] The largest SAG mill is 42' (12.8m) in diameter, powered by a 28 MW (38,000 HP) motor. [11]
Creep Feed is a form of grinding where a full depth of cut is removed in a single pass of the wheel. Successful operation of this technique can reduce manufacturing time by 50%, but often the grinding machine being used must be designed specifically for this purpose. This form occurs in both cylindrical and surface grinding. [6]