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The MCPA residue left in soil typically has a half-life of 24 days. [15] However, the degradation rate depends on environmental conditions, such as temperature and soil moisture. [16] MCPA is rather mobile in soil, and not strongly adsorbed to soil particles, with Kf = 0.94 and 1/n = 0.68 of Freundlich adsorption. [15] [16]
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula Cl 2 C 6 H 3 OCH 2 CO 2 H.It is usually referred to by its ISO common name 2,4-D. [4] It is a systemic herbicide that kills most broadleaf weeds by causing uncontrolled growth, but most grasses such as cereals, lawn turf, and grassland are relatively unaffected.
Methylene cyclopropyl acetic acid (MCPA) is a compound found in lychee (Litchi chinensis) seeds.[1]The major carbocyclic fatty acid in the seed oils of Litchi chinensis is a cyclopropane fatty acid named Dihydrosterculic acid; these have been found in many plants of the order Malvales (), in up to 60% of seed oil content, depending on the species but also in leaves, roots and shoots. [2]
Salts and esters of this class of herbicide are active owing to their ability to metabolise to the corresponding parent acid. For example, fenoxaprop-P ethyl [15] was introduced by Bayer Crop Science and quizalofop-P ethyl by Nissan Chemical Corporation, both in 1989. [16] In 1990, Dow introduced cyhalofop-P butyl for the control of weeds in ...
This is a complete list of soil science licensing boards in the United States. State licensing in this context refers to any state regulatory program which limits the professional practice of soil science within state jurisdiction to individuals qualified by the state.
Environmental soil science addresses both the fundamental and applied aspects of the field including: buffers and surface water quality, vadose zone functions, septic drain field site assessment and function, land treatment of wastewater, stormwater, erosion control, soil contamination with metals and pesticides, remediation of contaminated ...
Butylate is applied as an emulsifiable concentrate of 85% active ingredient and is incorporated into the soil, being applied preplant, at plant, postplant, or after harvest. Its maxmimum application rate is 6.3 lb/acre (7.1 kg/Ha), which is much higher than many other herbicides. Soil incorporation is necessary due to the high volatility. [5]
It is often used in combination with other chemically related herbicides such as 2,4-D, dicamba, and MCPA, which mimic the plant hormone IAA (auxin) and kill most broadleaf weeds by causing uncontrolled growth. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has classified mecoprop as toxicity class III - slightly toxic. [4]