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Giant cell arteritis and its treatment impact on people's lives because of symptoms, adverse effects of GCs and disruption to normal life. [39] People with GCA have previously ranked ‘losing sight in both eyes permanently’, ‘having intense or severe pain’ and ‘feeling weak, tired or exhausted’ as important quality of life domains.
GPA treatment depends on the severity of the disease. [8] Severe disease is typically treated with a combination of immunosuppressive medications such as rituximab or cyclophosphamide and high-dose corticosteroids to control the symptoms of the disease, and azathioprine, methotrexate, or rituximab to keep the disease under control.
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common type of systemic vasculitis in adults. Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), headache, jaw claudication , and visual symptoms are the classic manifestations; however, 40% of patients present with a variety of occult manifestations.
Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (arteritic AION, A-AION or AAION) is vision loss that occurs in giant cell arteritis (also known as temporal arteritis). Temporal arteritis is an inflammatory disease of medium-sized blood vessels that happens especially with advancing age.
A giant cell (also known as a multinucleated giant cell, or multinucleate giant cell) is a mass formed by the union of several distinct cells (usually histiocytes), often forming a granuloma. [ 1 ] Although there is typically a focus on the pathological aspects of multinucleate giant cells (MGCs), they also play many important physiological roles.
Under "Associated conditions", replacing the third point with: "Giant-cell arteritis can affect the aorta and lead to aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection, with up to 66.7% of people with GCA having evidence of an inflamed aorta, which can increase the risk of aortic aneurysm and dissection.[1]
Vasculitis is a group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation. [2] Both arteries and veins are affected. Lymphangitis (inflammation of lymphatic vessels) is sometimes considered a type of vasculitis. [3]
Takayasu's arteritis (TA), also known as aortic arch syndrome, nonspecific aortoarteritis, and pulseless disease, [2] is a form of large vessel granulomatous vasculitis [3] with massive intimal fibrosis and vascular narrowing, most commonly affecting young or middle-aged women of Asian descent, though anyone can be affected.