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Smoker's melanosis is seen with the naked eye as a brown to black pigmentation of the oral tissue i.e. the gums, [1] cheeks or palate [2] as well as in larynx. [3] [4] It is most often seen in the lower labial gingiva of tobacco users. Most easily it is found in Caucasians, due to their lack of a genetically caused melanin pigmentation. [5] [6]
It was known as pink disease (due to these symptoms) before it was accepted that it was just mercury poisoning. [1] The word acrodynia is derived from the Greek : ακρος , which means end or extremity , and Greek : οδυνη , which means pain.
Lower vermillion border (the exposed pink or reddish margin of a lip [3]) Tongue; Oral mucosa; Gingivae; Palate [2] Oral pigmentation affects about 3% of the population [4] and is most likely seen in those with dark skin; [5] however people with light skin have, on average, 30 local pigmented areas and in some circumstances will present intra ...
Forchheimer spots: Frederick Forchheimer: paediatrics: rubella: small red spots on the soft palate Fothergill's sign: John Fothergill: surgery: rectus sheath hematoma: anterior abdominal mass which does not cross the midline and is still palpable when abdominal wall muscles are tensed Fox's sign: George Henry Fox: gastroenterology: haemorrhagic ...
Leukoplakia is a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning that which lesions are included depends upon what diagnoses are currently considered acceptable. [29] Accepted definitions of leukoplakia have changed over time and are still controversial. [30] It is possible that the definition will be further revised as new knowledge becomes available. [29]
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Furthermore, mongolian spots, large birthmarks, and the consumption of food products with blue or purple dyes can also result in the bluish skin tissue discoloration and may be mistaken for cyanosis. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Appropriate physical examination and history taking is a crucial part to diagnose cyanosis.
The pigment-producing cells that contribute to the yellow spots of some sub-species are called xanthophores. [30] It appears that the fully-black phenotypes do not ever develop these xanthophores. [31] Alpine salamanders produce a toxin from their skin, and both fully melanistic, black salamanders and spotted individuals produce the compound. [32]