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The most common use of monopropellants [3] is in low-impulse monopropellant rocket motors, [4] such as reaction control thrusters, the usual propellant being hydrazine [5] [6] which is generally decomposed by exposure to an iridium [7] [8] catalyst bed (the hydrazine is pre-heated to keep the reactant liquid).
The power for the thruster comes from the high pressure gas created during the decomposition reaction that allows a rocket nozzle to speed up the gas to create thrust. The most commonly used monopropellant is hydrazine (N 2 H 4, or H 2 N−NH 2), a compound unstable in the presence of a catalyst and which is also a strong reducing agent.
Hydrazine is mainly used as a foaming agent in preparing polymer foams, but applications also include its uses as a precursor to pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, as well as a long-term storable propellant for in-space spacecraft propulsion. Additionally, hydrazine is used in various rocket fuels and to prepare the gas precursors used in air bags.
As this kind of MHD propulsion involves compressible fluids in the form of plasmas (ionized gases) it is also referred to as magnetogasdynamics or magnetoplasmadynamics. In such electromagnetic thrusters, the working fluid is most of the time ionized hydrazine, xenon or lithium.
A set of Azimuth Thrusters on the Acergy Discovery in dry dock. A marine thruster is a device for producing directed hydrodynamic thrust mounted on a marine vehicle, primarily for maneuvering or propulsion. [1] There are a variety of different types of marine thrusters and each of them plays a role in the maritime industry.
Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) is a highly toxic, volatile hydrazine derivative with the chemical formula CH 6 N 2. It is used as a rocket propellant in bipropellant rocket engines because it is hypergolic with various oxidizers such as nitrogen tetroxide (N 2 O 4) and nitric acid (HNO 3). As a propellant, it is described in specification MIL-PRF ...