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  2. Scribe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribe

    Scribes contributed in fundamental ways to ancient and medieval cultures, including Egypt, China, India, Persia, the Roman Empire, and medieval Europe. Judaism, Buddhism, and Islam have important scribal traditions. Scribes have been essential in these cultures for the preservation of legal codes, religious texts, and artistic and didactic ...

  3. Kiraman Katibin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiraman_Katibin

    In Islamic tradition the two kiraman katibin (Arabic: كراماً كاتبين ‘honourable scribe’) are two angels called Raqib and Atid, believed by Muslims to record a person's actions. The Quran refers to them in two places, in 50:16-18 and by name as ‘Noble Recorders' in 82:10-12. [1]

  4. Katib - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katib

    A katib (Arabic: كَاتِب, kātib) is a writer, scribe, or secretary in the Arabic-speaking world, Persian World, and other Islamic areas as far as the Indian subcontinent. [1] In North Africa, the local pronunciation of the term also causes it to be written ketib. Duties comprised reading and writing correspondence, issue instructions at ...

  5. Zayd ibn Thabit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Thabit

    Zāyd bin Thābit bin al-Ḍaḥḥāk (Arabic: زيد بن ثابت, romanized: Zayd ibn Thābit) was the personal scribe of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, serving as the chief recorder of the Quranic text. [1] He hailed from the ansar (helpers), later joined the ranks of the Muslim army at age 19. After Muhammad's passing in 632, he was ...

  6. Abd Allah ibn Sa'd - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Sa'd

    Abd Allah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi al-Sarh (Arabic: عبد الله ابن سعد ابن أبي السرح, romanized: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Saʿd ibn Abī al-Sarḥ) was an Arab administrator, scribe, and military commander, who was an early convert to, then later apostate from Islam [2] He was a scriber of the Quran (كاتب الوحي) and governor of Upper Egypt for the Muslim caliphate during the ...

  7. Canonization of Islamic scripture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonization_of_Islamic...

    The Quran was canonized only after Muhammad's death in 632 CE. According to Islamic tradition the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 23/644–35 AH/655 CE) established the canonical Qur'an, reportedly starting the process in 644 CE, [6] and completing the work around 650 CE (the exact date was not recorded by early Arab annalists). [7]

  8. Islamic religious leaders - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_religious_leaders

    Islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation.. However, in the modern contexts of Muslim minorities in non-Muslim countries as well as secularised Muslim states like Turkey, and Bangladesh, the religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal sha

  9. Greek contributions to the Islamic world - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_contributions_to_the...

    Islamic mosaics inside the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem (c. 690) The most important early Islamic mosaic work is the decoration of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, then capital of the Arab Caliphate. The mosque was built between 706 and 715. The caliph obtained 200 skilled workers from the Byzantine Emperor to decorate the building.