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A simple visualization of the forming process Vacuum forming machine to produce inner liner/food liner of refrigerator. Vacuum forming is a simplified version of thermoforming, where a sheet of plastic in various forms of High Impact Polystyrene Sheet (HIPS) for low impact products, or ABS for bathroom shower trays, and HDPE for exterior vehicle parts, plus various other types of vacuum ...
Dry lubricants, can be incorporated in plastics as fillers, as a component of sintered metals, or deposited on metal, ceramic and plastic surfaces. Molybdenum disulfide is a dry lubricant usable in vacuum. Tungsten disulfide is another dry lubricant usable in vacuum. It can be used at higher temperatures than MoS 2.
A vacuum chamber is a rigid enclosure from which air and other gases are removed by a vacuum pump. This results in a low- pressure environment within the chamber, commonly referred to as a vacuum . A vacuum environment allows researchers to conduct physical experiments or to test mechanical devices which must operate in outer space (for example ...
Specialist equipment can enable closed molds to be filled whilst under vacuum, a process known as resin vacuum casting, where air and gas bubbles are completely removed from the cast part. Pressure and/or centrifugal force can be used to help push the liquid resin into all details of the mold. The mold can also be vibrated to expel bubbles ...
Vacuum deposition is a group of processes used to deposit layers of material atom-by-atom or molecule-by-molecule on a solid surface. These processes operate at pressures well below atmospheric pressure (i.e., vacuum). The deposited layers can range from a thickness of one atom up to millimeters, forming freestanding structures.
Outgassing (sometimes called offgassing, particularly when in reference to indoor air quality) is the release of a gas that was dissolved, trapped, frozen, or absorbed in some material. [1] Outgassing can include sublimation and evaporation (which are phase transitions of a substance into a gas), as well as desorption , seepage from cracks or ...
By comparison Sinel'nikov powder is a powder in a vacuum, gran sizes range from 100 to 200 micrometers, the powder density is 1.35 g per cm −3. Sinel'nikov, N.N. and Filipovich, V.N., Soviet Phys. Tech., 3, 193–6, 1958. The TPRC record is blurred up some on the Sinel'nikov vacuum which looks like it is probably 5 ⋅ 10 −5 mmHg.
Casting porosity can be caused by gas formation or solidification while the metal is being moved from a liquid state to a solid state. This porosity can range in size, from sub-micron to voids greater than 10 mm, depending on the casting. Casting defects caused by porosity can affect the part’s structural integrity, creating a failure point ...