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Until the 1970s, squamous-cell carcinoma accounted for the vast majority of esophageal cancers in the United States. In recent decades, incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (which is associated with Barrett's esophagus) steadily rose in the United States to the point that it has now surpassed squamous-cell carcinoma.
Esophageal squamous-cell carcinomas may occur as second primary tumors associated with head and neck cancer, due to field cancerization (i.e. a regional reaction to long-term carcinogenic exposure). [20] [21] A field defect associated with progression towards squamous cell carcinoma can be identified with epigenetic markers. [22]
Squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC), also known as epidermoid carcinoma, comprises a number of different types of cancer that begin in squamous cells. [1] These cells form on the surface of the skin, on the lining of hollow organs in the body, and on the lining of the respiratory and digestive tracts .
It is typically a squamous-cell carcinoma, ... [1] [2] Five-year survival rates in the United States are 60.3% ... and esophagus is often performed at the time of biopsy.
A Type I tumor, located between 5 and 1cm proximal to the OGJ, is an adenocarcinoma that typically arises from an area of intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus and can infiltrate the OGJ from above. A Type II tumor, located between 1cm proximal and 2cm distal to the OGJ, is a true adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia.
The cell survival curve refers to specific quantities of radiation that affect a cell's ability to reproduce. Very high amounts of radiation (10,000 rads or 100 Gy) can cause complete abatement of cellular function (cell death).
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