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Inside of a Skin Tent – 1824, one of the earliest studies of a tipi by a non-Indian. Library and Archives Canada Collection. Indian hunters pursuing buffalo in the early spring – 1822, painted when the artist was age sixteen. A Halfcast and his Two Wives based on a sketch from about 1825. [5]
A tipi or tepee (/ ˈ t iː p i / TEE-pee) is a conical lodge tent that is distinguished from other conical tents by the smoke flaps at the top of the structure, and historically made of animal hides or pelts or, in more recent generations, of canvas stretched on a framework of wooden poles.
Plains hide painting is a traditional North American Plains Indian artistic practice of painting on either tanned or raw animal hides. Tipis, tipi liners, shields, parfleches, robes, clothing, drums, and winter counts could all be painted.
A tipi of the Nez Perce tribe, c. 1900. The excess fabric at the top of the structure is the smoke hole and smoke flaps. A smoke hole (smokehole, smoke-hole) is a hole in a roof for the smoke from a fire to vent. [1] Before the invention of the smoke hood or chimney, many dwellings had smoke holes to allow the smoke from the hearth to escape.
Smoke flap ventilation is used on tipi (teepee') housing of the Native America Plains Indians by tradition, both historically and on modern ceremonial tipis. The tipi smoke flap vent is attached in a continuous piece to the cured hides that cover the exterior of the large teepee housing structure.
The general pattern of a tipi (also "tepee") ring is an east-facing entrance, where there are no stones, and a heavily anchored side with extra stones for protection against prevailing winds, often on the northwestern side of the ring. Hearths found in the center of tipi rings suggest a winter encampment.