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One way to visualize the similarity between two protein or nucleic acid sequences is to use a similarity matrix, known as a dot plot. These were introduced by Gibbs and McIntyre in 1970 [1] and are two-dimensional matrices that have the sequences of the proteins being compared along the vertical and horizontal axes.
A De Finetti diagram visualizing genotype frequencies as distances to triangle edges x (AA), y (Aa) and z (aa) in a ternary plot. The curved line are the Hardy–Weinberg equilibria . A Punnett square visualizing the genotype frequencies of a Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium as areas of a square.
The example below assesses another double-heterozygote cross using RrYy x RrYy. As stated above, the phenotypic ratio is expected to be 9:3:3:1 if crossing unlinked genes from two double-heterozygotes. The genotypic ratio was obtained in the diagram below, this diagram will have more branches than if only analyzing for phenotypic ratio.
The plot is occasionally attributed to Augustinsson [5] and referred to the Woolf–Augustinsson–Hofstee plot [6] [7] [8] or simply the Augustinsson plot. [9] However, although Haldane, Woolf or Eadie were not explicitly cited when Augustinsson introduced the versus / equation, both the work of Haldane [10] and of Eadie [3] are cited at other places of his work and are listed in his ...
Ab Initio gene prediction is an intrinsic method based on gene content and signal detection. Because of the inherent expense and difficulty in obtaining extrinsic evidence for many genes, it is also necessary to resort to ab initio gene finding, in which the genomic DNA sequence alone is systematically searched for certain tell-tale signs of protein-coding genes.
Allele frequency, or gene frequency, is the relative frequency of an allele (variant of a gene) at a particular locus in a population, expressed as a fraction or percentage. [1] Specifically, it is the fraction of all chromosomes in the population that carry that allele over the total population or sample size.
The concept of gene co-expression networks was first introduced by Butte and Kohane in 1999 as relevance networks. [6] They gathered the measurement data of medical laboratory tests (e.g. hemoglobin level ) for a number of patients and they calculated the Pearson correlation between the results for each pair of tests and the pairs of tests which showed a correlation higher than a certain level ...
Gene structure is the organisation of specialised sequence elements within a gene. Genes contain most of the information necessary for living cells to survive and reproduce. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In most organisms, genes are made of DNA, where the particular DNA sequence determines the function of the gene.