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  2. Abstract labour and concrete labour - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_labour_and...

    Abstract labour and concrete labour refer to a distinction made by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy. It refers to the difference between human labour in general as economically valuable worktime versus human labour as a particular activity that has a specific useful effect within the (capitalist) mode of production .

  3. Socially necessary labour time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socially_necessary_labour_time

    Socially necessary labour time in Marx's critique of political economy is what regulates the exchange value of commodities in trade.In short, socially necessary labour time refers to the average quantity of labour time that must be performed under currently prevailing conditions to produce a commodity.

  4. Labor theory of value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_theory_of_value

    The authors argue that, according to Marx, the value of a commodity indicates the abstract labor time required for its production; however Marxists have been unable to identify a way to measure a unit (elementary particle) of abstract labor (indeed the authors argue that most have given up and little progress has been made beyond Marx's ...

  5. Time, Labor and Social Domination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time,_Labor_and_Social...

    Marx's analysis of the commodity shows that labor in capitalist society has a dual nature: it is concrete labor on the one hand and Abstract labor on the other. Postone examines the fact that abstract labor is not (concrete) labor in general but has a unique social dimension that cannot be derived from (concrete) labor as such: it mediates a ...

  6. Labour power - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_power

    Bob Rowthorn, "Marx's Theory of Wages", a chapter in Bob Rowthorn, Capitalism, Conflict, and Inflation, Lawrence & Wishart, London. Ian Steedman, "Marx on Ricardo", in: Ian Bradley and Michael Howard (eds), Classical and Marxian Political Economy—Essays in honour of Ronald L. Meek". London: Macmillan, 1982.

  7. Marxian economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxian_economics

    Marx separates it into two different types: concrete and abstract labor. [15] Concrete labor can be thought of as the unique characteristics of labor such as the work of a farmer versus a tailor. Abstract labor, on the other hand, is the general conceptualization of human labor. [16] It represents the expenditure of simple human labor power. [15]

  8. Law of value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Value

    [127] [128] The structure of Marx's argument in Capital Vol. 3 is that there is a constant contradiction in capitalism between the inescapable labour-costs incurred to produce products, and the laws of price competition which create pressure to maximize the return on capital invested—a contradiction which must constantly be mediated in ...

  9. Value-form - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value-form

    According to Marx, the substance and regulator of relative product-values is human labour-time in general, labour-in-the-abstract or "abstract labour". This value (an average current replacement cost in labour-time, based on the normal productivity of producers existing at the time) exists as an attribute of the products of human labour quite ...