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Phosphorus pentachloride is the chemical compound with the formula PCl 5. It is one of the most important phosphorus chlorides/oxychlorides, others being PCl 3 and POCl 3. PCl 5 finds use as a chlorinating reagent. It is a colourless, water-sensitive solid, although commercial samples can be yellowish and contaminated with hydrogen chloride.
Organochlorine chemistry is concerned with the properties of organochlorine compounds, or organochlorides, organic compounds that contain one or more carbon–chlorine bonds. [1] The chloroalkane class (alkanes with one or more hydrogens substituted by chlorine) includes common examples. The wide structural variety and divergent chemical ...
Phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus pentabromide, and phosphorus heptabromide are ionic in the solid and liquid states; PCl 5 is formulated as PCl 4 + PCl 6 –, but in contrast, PBr 5 is formulated as PBr 4 + Br −, and PBr 7 is formulated as PBr 4 + Br 3 −. They are widely used as chlorinating and brominating agents in organic chemistry.
Phosphoryl chloride (commonly called phosphorus oxychloride) is a colourless liquid with the formula P O Cl 3. It hydrolyses in moist air releasing phosphoric acid and fumes of hydrogen chloride . It is manufactured industrially on a large scale from phosphorus trichloride and oxygen or phosphorus pentoxide . [ 4 ]
For phosphorus pentachloride as an example, the phosphorus atom shares a plane with three chlorine atoms at 120° angles to each other in equatorial positions, and two more chlorine atoms above and below the plane (axial or apical positions).
Si-F bonds and Si-H bonds both increase in length upon pentacoordination and related effects are seen in phosphorus species, but to a lesser degree. The reason for the greater magnitude in bond length change for silicon species over phosphorus species is the increased effective nuclear charge at phosphorus.
The most common phosphonium compounds have four organic substituents attached to phosphorus. The quaternary phosphonium cations include tetraphenylphosphonium, (C 6 H 5) 4 P + and tetramethylphosphonium P(CH 3) + 4. Tetramethylphosphonium bromide [3] Structure of solid "phosphorus pentachloride", illustrating its autoionization to ...
A pentachloride is a compound or ion that contains five chlorine atoms or ions. Common pentachlorides include: Antimony pentachloride, SbCl 5; Arsenic pentachloride, AsCl 5; Molybdenum pentachloride, MoCl 5; Niobium pentachloride, NbCl 5; Phosphorus pentachloride, PCl 5; Protactinium pentachloride, PaCl 5; Osmium pentachloride, OsCl 5; Rhenium ...