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Femoral hernias are a relatively uncommon type, accounting for only 3% of all hernias. While femoral hernias can occur in both males and females, almost all develop in women due to the increased width of the female pelvis. [1] Femoral hernias are more common in adults than in children.
About 27% of males and 3% of females develop a groin hernia at some point in their lives. [1] Inguinal, femoral and abdominal hernias were present in 18.5 million people and resulted in 59,800 deaths in 2015. [4] [5] Groin hernias occur most often before the age of 1 and after the age of 50. [2]
About 27% of males and 3% of females develop a groin hernia at some time in their life. [1] Groin hernias occur most often before the age of one and after the age of fifty. [2] Globally, inguinal, femoral and abdominal hernias resulted in 60,000 deaths in 2015 and 55,000 in 1990. [4] [11]
Although women account for roughly 70% of femoral hernia repairs, indirect inguinal hernias are still the most common subtype of groin hernia in both males and females. [14] Inguinal hernia surgery is also one of the most common surgical procedures, with an estimated incidence of 0.8-2% and increasing up to 20% in preterm children. [15] [16]
A cul-de-sac hernia (also termed a peritoneocele) is a herniation of peritoneal folds into the rectovaginal septum (in females), [2] or the rectovesical septum (in males). The herniated structure is the recto-uterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) in females, [ 2 ] or the rectovesical pouch in males.
An obturator hernia is a rare type of hernia, encompassing 0.07-1% of all hernias, [2] of the pelvic floor in which pelvic or abdominal contents protrudes through the obturator foramen. The obturator foramen is formed by a branch of the ischial (lower and back hip bone) as well as the pubic bone.
This can also cause infertility. This condition is far more common in males than in females, owing to the inguinal canal's small size in females. A hernia that exits the abdominal cavity directly through the deep layers of the abdominal wall, thereby bypassing the inguinal canal, is known as a direct inguinal hernia.
Perineal hernias are rare in female dogs and uncommon in cats. Dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia have been found to have increased relaxin levels and suspected subsequent weakening of the pelvic diaphragm. [10] In cats, perineal hernias are seen most commonly following perineal urethrostomy surgery or secondary to megacolon. [11]