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A perineal tear is a laceration of the skin and other soft tissue structures which, in women, separate the vagina from the anus. Perineal tears mainly occur in women as a result of vaginal childbirth , which strains the perineum .
The urinary meatus [a] (/ m iː ˈ eɪ t ə s /, mee-AY-təs; pl.: meati or meatuses), also known as the external urethral orifice, is the opening of the penis or vulva where urine exits the urethra during urination.
The urethral or periurethral glands (also Littré glands after Alexis Littré) [1] are glands that branch off the wall of the urethra of mammals. The glands secrete mucus [ 2 ] and are most numerous in the section of the urethra that runs through the penis .
The urethra (pl.: urethras or urethrae) is the tube that connects the urinary bladder to the urinary meatus, [1] [2] through which placental mammals urinate and ejaculate. [3] In non-mammalian vertebrates, the urethra also transports semen but is separate from the urinary tract.
A urethral stricture is a narrowing of the urethra, the tube connected to the bladder that allows urination.The narrowing reduces the flow of urine and makes it more difficult or even painful to empty the bladder.
In males and females, both internal and external urethral sphincters function to prevent the release of urine. The internal urethral sphincter controls involuntary urine flow from the bladder to the urethra, whereas the external urethral sphincter controls voluntary urine flow from the bladder to the urethra. [2]
The muscle helps maintain continence of urine along with the internal urethral sphincter which is under control of the autonomic nervous system.The external sphincter muscle prevents urine leakage as the muscle is tonically contracted via somatic fibers that originate in Onuf's nucleus and pass through sacral spinal nerves S2-S4 then the pudendal nerve to synapse on the muscle.
An injury to the urethra leaving Buck's fascia intact results in a collection of urine (extravasation) limited to the penis, deep to Buck's fascia. If the injury to the bulb of the penis results in urethral injury accompanying a tear of Buck's fascia, then extravasated blood and urine accumulates in the superficial perineal space, passing into the penis (outer to Buck's fascia) as well as the ...