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The DSM-5 describes "Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)" for developmental stuttering, and "Adult-onset Fluency Disorder". However, the specific rationale for this change from the DSM-IV is ill-documented in the APA's published literature, and is felt by some to promote confusion between the very different terms fluency and disfluency.
Childhood-onset fluency disorder, more commonly known as stuttering, disturbs the normal flow and timing of speech. These disturbances may be sound and syllable repetitions, sound prolongations, pauses in the middle of words or speech, excess physical tension when pronouncing words, or the repetitions of one syllable words.
Speech or language disorders are now called communication disorders—which include language disorder (formerly expressive language disorder and mixed receptive-expressive language disorder), speech sound disorder (formerly phonological disorder), childhood-onset fluency disorder , and a new condition characterized by impaired social verbal and ...
Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder – standard fluency and rhythm of speech is interrupted, often causing the repetition of whole words and syllables. [15] May also include the prolongation of words and syllables; pauses within a word; and/or the avoidance of pronouncing difficult words and replacing them with easier words that the individual is ...
Children that continue to exaggerate the tongue movement may incorrectly produce speech sounds, such as /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, and /dʒ/. For example, the word, "some," might be pronounced as "thumb". [3] The treatment of OMD will be based upon the professional's evaluation. [7] Each child will present a unique oral posture that must be corrected.
-Childhood Onset Fluency Disorder (commonly known as stuttering) is characterized by disturbances in the fluency and or rhythm of speech. Some examples of dysfluency that may occur include sound and syllable repetition, excess physical tension when producing certain words, and pausing within words.
Children with the disorder often exhibit: [This paragraph needs citation(s)] Delayed language development; Language disorders (similar to the acquired disorder of aphasia) such as word search pauses, jargoning, word order errors, word category errors, and verb tense errors. Stuttering or cluttering speech; Repeating words or phrases
Speech skills are vital to social relationships and learning, and delays or disorders that relate to developing these skills can impact individuals function. [3] For many children and adolescents, this can present as issues with academics. [4] Speech disorders affect roughly 11.5% of the US population, and 5% of the primary school population. [5]