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  2. Horizontal gene transfer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_gene_transfer

    Horizontal gene transfer is recognized as a pervasive evolutionary process that distributes genes between divergent prokaryotic lineages [17] and can also involve eukaryotes. [18] [19] HGT events are thought to occur less frequently in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes. However, growing evidence indicates that HGT is relatively common among many ...

  3. Unicellular organism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicellular_organism

    Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles. Some examples include mitochondria, a nucleus, or the Golgi apparatus. Prokaryotic cells probably transitioned into eukaryotic cells between 2.0 and 1.4 billion years ago. [31] This was an important step in evolution. In contrast to prokaryotes, eukaryotes reproduce by using mitosis and meiosis.

  4. Prokaryote - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokaryote

    Prokaryotes evolved before eukaryotes, and lack nuclei, mitochondria, and most of the other distinct organelles that characterize the eukaryotic cell. Some unicellular prokaryotes, such as cyanobacteria , form colonies held together by biofilms , and large colonies can create multilayered microbial mats .

  5. Central dogma of molecular biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_dogma_of_molecular...

    In prokaryotic cells, which have no nuclear compartment, the processes of transcription and translation may be linked together without clear separation. In eukaryotic cells, the site of transcription (the cell nucleus ) is usually separated from the site of translation (the cytoplasm ), so the mRNA must be transported out of the nucleus into ...

  6. Cell (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)

    Some eukaryotic cells (plant cells and fungal cells) also have a cell wall. Inside the cell is the cytoplasmic region that contains the genome (DNA), ribosomes and various sorts of inclusions. [2] The genetic material is freely found in the cytoplasm. Prokaryotes can carry extrachromosomal DNA elements called plasmids, which are

  7. File:Difference Between Prokaryote and Eukaryote Flagella.svg

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Difference_Between...

    Update arrows and spelling of eukaryotic/prokaryotic: 17:27, 13 July 2018: 512 × 270 (798 KB) Rojoxiii: Reverted to version as of 11:31, 23 June 2016 (UTC)

  8. Eukaryotic DNA replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_DNA_replication

    When compared to prokaryotic DNA replication, namely in bacteria, the completion of eukaryotic DNA replication is more complex and involves multiple origins of replication and replicative proteins to accomplish. Prokaryotic DNA is arranged in a circular shape, and has only one replication origin when replication starts.

  9. Eukaryotic transcription - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_transcription

    Eukaryotic Transcription. Eukaryotic transcription is the elaborate process that eukaryotic cells use to copy genetic information stored in DNA into units of transportable complementary RNA replica. [1] Gene transcription occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Unlike prokaryotic RNA polymerase that initiates the transcription of all ...