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The volume of a n-ball is the Lebesgue ... (n − 1)-sphere is ... the surface area of an L 1 sphere of radius R in R n is √ n times the derivative of the volume of ...
The derivative of is ... That is, the curvature of the base comes from sphere 2. The volume is thus the difference between sphere 2's cap (with height ...
In other words, a volume form gives rise to a measure with respect to which functions can be integrated by the appropriate Lebesgue integral. The absolute value of a volume form is a volume element, which is also known variously as a twisted volume form or pseudo-volume form. It also defines a measure, but exists on any differentiable manifold ...
As a result, the sum of these spaces is also dense in the space L 2 (S n−1) of square-integrable functions on the sphere. Thus every square-integrable function on the sphere decomposes uniquely into a series of spherical harmonics, where the series converges in the L 2 sense.
The 3-sphere is the boundary of a -ball in four-dimensional space. The -sphere is the boundary of an -ball. Given a Cartesian coordinate system, the unit -sphere of radius can be defined as:
Since dV = dx dy dz is the volume for a rectangular differential volume element (because the volume of a rectangular prism is the product of its sides), we can interpret dV = ρ 2 sin φ dρ dφ dθ as the volume of the spherical differential volume element.
This article uses the standard notation ISO 80000-2, which supersedes ISO 31-11, for spherical coordinates (other sources may reverse the definitions of θ and φ): . The polar angle is denoted by [,]: it is the angle between the z-axis and the radial vector connecting the origin to the point in question.
Another approach to obtaining the formula comes from the fact that it equals the derivative of the formula for the volume with respect to r because the total volume inside a sphere of radius r can be thought of as the summation of the surface area of an infinite number of spherical shells of infinitesimal thickness concentrically stacked inside ...