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An inotrope [help 1] or inotropic is a drug or any substance that alters the force or energy of muscular contractions.
Pimobendan is a positive inotrope, and its main function is to increase myocardial contractility. It sensitizes and increases the binding efficiency of cardiac troponin in the myofibril to the calcium ions that are already present in systole. In normal hearts it increases the consumption of oxygen and energy to the same degree as dobutamine but ...
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Whereas in clinically stable patients with sufficient perfusion, cardiac inotrope use is advised against. [76] This caution is due to the heightened risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including arrhythmias, detrimental heart structure remodelling, and even mortality.
Droxidopa is a prodrug of norepinephrine used to increase the concentrations of these neurotransmitters in the body and brain. [4] It is metabolized by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD), also known as DOPA decarboxylase (DDC).
An equianalgesic chart can be a useful tool, but the user must take care to correct for all relevant variables such as route of administration, cross tolerance, half-life and the bioavailability of a drug. [5] For example, the narcotic levorphanol is 4–8 times stronger than morphine, but also has a much longer half-life. Simply switching the ...
Digoxin (a mildly positive inotrope and negative chronotrope), once used as first-line therapy, is now reserved for control of ventricular rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation; or where adequate control is not achieved with an ACEI, a beta blocker and a loop diuretic. [13]
Disopyramide (INN, trade names Norpace and Rythmodan) is an antiarrhythmic medication used in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia. [2] It is a sodium channel blocker and is classified as a Class 1a anti-arrhythmic agent.